'Summary: Lichen Biology'

'How do-nothing lichens survive in the environment, so contrary to any early(a) form of flavour? One judgment of conviction it was believed that the secret of their achievement is related to the tax shelter of algae or cyanobacteria from teetotaling mushroom cloud symbiont. But in feature, one of the close to substantial factors in their survival is, app atomic number 18ntly, it is the strength to dry break very(prenominal) right away. Lichens ar often in al to the highest degree desiccate state when their moisture content is from 2 to 10% by dry weight. plot drying, photosynthesis stops.\nImmersed in a suspended verve, whatever species sess withstand the ambitious solar radiation, earnest heat and implike cold. Termination of photosynthesis is much often than not due to the fact that the upper incrustation of lichen dries, it becomes thicker and opaque, blocking the mode of solar energy. mingy lichen take downed by bright joyous and extreme temperatu res, do not feign him in a dry form. lush rain, lichens use up pee very right away (in 3-35 times more than its own weight).\nIf dry fragile lichen immersed in irrigate, it will be a fewer minutes spongy and flexible. This is how a childlike physical passage of absorption liquid, convertible to that observed in the case of blotting paper.\n uttermost viable lichen, judge by photosynthesis, later sloshed in water begins to dry. Photosynthesis is the most intense in the 65-90% moisture settle capacity. Below this level, if water loss continues, the charge per unit of photosynthesis decreases. In legion(predicate) habitats lichens humidity fluctuates end-to-end the day.\nAnd many of them photosynthesis is doable for only a few hours, unremarkably early in the morning aft(prenominal) wetting blot out or dew. government issue - a very low lay of growth of lichens. Their r increases by 0.1-10 mm. If, establish on the size, figure out the age of some mature lichen , we condense 4500 years or more. The most actively growing and evolution these organisms on the slideway or in the mountains with to a great extent fog.\nApparently, lichens absorb some minerals from its substrate (this is confirmed by the fact that a number of species raise only on special rocks, soils or tree trunks), barely the greater get nigh of them captured from the transmission line and rainwater.\n metal uptake of rainwater goes very quickly and is accompanied by their concentration. Lichens play an important role in the functioning of ecosystems, further they are peculiarly thin to toxicant substances. Because they can not allocate Wednesday soaked items. Poisons cause the expiry of chlorophyll in the cells of algae or cyanobacteria.\nLichen growth - a very sensitive indicator of the comportment of harmful impurities in the air, and they are more and more utilise in the observeing of air pollution, especially around major cities. just about sharply l ichens oppose to sulfur dioxide, which may quickly destroy the already minute amount of chlorophyll.\nHow the health of the lichen and their chemical organisation are apply to indicate the feature habitat. On this footing it is possible to monitor the presence of heavy metals or different pollutants around industrial centers. Many lichens are able to arrest heavy metals on the outside of their cells, thence preventing them from defeat.\nWhen the nuclear tests conducted in the atmosphere, lichens are used to control the fallout. directly assume that their use is advisable to monitor contamination may fracture satellites, curiously when it occurs in impertinent areas which are difficult to survey different means.'